2. Make sure the battery is charged, check the cleanliness and reliability of the cables on the battery and on the traction relay.
3. If the starter turns on, but the crankshaft does not turn, then the reason is the lack of engagement of the starter shaft with the flywheel. The starter assembly with the traction relay should be replaced.
4. When turning the key, clicks from the traction relay should be heard. If the click is not heard, then disconnect the ignition wire from the relay and connect the lamp between this terminal and the minus on the battery. If the lamp does not light up, then connect the ignition wire, disconnect the high voltage wire from the coil and ground.
Connect a voltmeter between (+) battery pole and bayonet connector on the traction relay. If the voltage is less than 1.5 V when the starter is turned on, replace the starter. If the voltage is higher than 1.5 V, then connect the jumper terminal S on the traction relay and (+) battery pole. If now a click is heard when the starter is turned on and the starter rotates, then the ignition switch, auxiliary relay, blocking switch are faulty (on vehicles with automatic transmission), connector and wiring. Otherwise, replace the starter.
5. If a click is heard when the starter is turned on and the starter turns the crankshaft, then check the starter current by connecting an ammeter between the starter power output and the battery cable (disconnect the coil wire from the distributor).
6. If the current is correct, then the starter is working. If the current is greater than the standard, then check the no-load current by connecting the coil wire and turning on the starter for no more than 30 seconds. If the rotation speed is high and the current is normal, then the cause of the starter seizing during start-up is the difficult rotation of the crankshaft (thickened oil, etc.). Otherwise, replace the starter.
7. If the current is less than normal (see item 5) and the starter rotates slowly, then check the voltage drop on the running starter by connecting a voltmeter between terminal M (with braided cable without insulation) And (+) battery pole (at the same time, disconnect and ground the high-voltage wire of the coil). If the voltage is higher than 1V, then switch the voltmeter to terminal B of the starter and check the voltage again. If the voltage is less than 1 V, then the cause is the unsatisfactory condition of the contacts, if the voltage is less than 1 V, then replace the traction relay.
8. If the voltage is less than 1V (see point 7), check the voltage drop at the starter-to-ground connection by connecting a voltmeter between the battery negative and the starter housing. If the voltage is greater than 0.5 V, then the ground connection is unsatisfactory. If the voltage is less than 0.5 V, then perform the above checks (see point 4).