Maintaining your vehicle according to the mileage schedule or operating time will extend the life of your vehicle and ensure its safe operation. It should be kept in mind, however, that this is a comprehensive, complete plan and careful implementation of some points, but irregular implementation of others will not give the expected results.
As you gain experience in servicing your car, you will find that many operations can, and should, be grouped together, firstly, by the very nature of the individual procedures you perform, and secondly, due to the similarity of individual, at first glance, different parts of the car.
For example, if the car is raised on stands to lubricate the chassis, you will also check the condition of the fuel system, steering, exhaust system, and suspension, since you are under the car. When changing the wheels of a car, it is a good opportunity to check the brake mechanisms, since the wheels have already been removed. Finally, if you've borrowed a torque wrench, even if only to tighten spark plugs, you can use it to check the tightening torques of a number of critical connections as time permits.
The first step in carrying out work is, first of all, preparing yourself, getting yourself ready for the upcoming work. Review all the operations you are going to perform, and then select all the necessary parts and tools. If you encounter a problem while performing a particular task, seek advice from a professional mechanic or other experienced car enthusiast.
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The main signs of a faulty crank mechanism are: a decrease in pressure at the end of the compression stroke (compression) in cylinders; the appearance of noise and knocking during engine operation; gas breakthrough into the crankcase, increased oil consumption; oil dilution in the crankcase (due to the penetration of vapors of the working mixture during compression strokes); oil entering the combustion chamber and getting onto the spark plugs, causing carbon deposits to form on the electrodes and impairing spark formation. As a result, engine power decreases, fuel consumption and CO content in exhaust gases increase.
Malfunctions of the gas distribution mechanism include wear of tappets and guide bushings, valve plates and their seats, gears and camshaft cams.
Failures of the valve timing mechanism include breakage and loss of elasticity of the valve springs, and breakage of the timing gear teeth.
Diagnosis of the crank and valve timing mechanisms consists of determining the pressure at the end of the compression stroke (compression), determination of vacuum in the intake manifold, leakage of compressed air from the above-piston space. We have described all these diagnostic methods in detail in the chapter "Engine".