The system functions as follows. Coolant is supplied by a water pump to the cylinder block and cylinder head, passing through the intake manifold, heater radiator and carburetor into the thermostat housing.
When the engine is not warmed up, the coolant flows back from the thermostat housing to the water pump. When the coolant reaches a certain temperature, the thermostat opens and the coolant flows through the upper hose into the radiator. While the coolant circulates through the radiator, it is cooled by the air flow as the car moves. If necessary, an electric fan also helps cool the liquid. Once it reaches the bottom of the radiator, the liquid cools down and the cycle repeats.
At normal engine operating temperature, the coolant expands, and some of it flows through a thin hose connected to the radiator filler cap into the expansion tank. After the system cools, the coolant that has collected in the tank returns to the radiator.
On some models, the coolant also passes through an oil cooler.
Electric fan (fans) cooling, located in front of the radiator is controlled by a thermostat switch. At a certain coolant temperature, the switch turns on the fan.
Warning! Do not attempt to remove the radiator filler cap or relocate any part of the cooling system while the engine is hot, as there is a high risk of getting burned. If the radiator filler cap must be removed before the engine and radiator have completely cooled down (although this is not recommended), first of all, it is necessary for the pressure in the cooling system to drop. To avoid burning yourself, cover the cap with a thick piece of cloth and slowly unscrew it until you hear a hissing sound. When the hissing stops, indicating that the pressure has dropped, continue to slowly unscrew the cap until it can be removed. If the hissing continues, wait until it completely disappears. At all times when opening the plug, try to keep your face and hands at a safe distance.
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Warning! Do not allow antifreeze to come into contact with your skin or the painted surface of your vehicle. Immediately wash away any spilled liquid with water. Never allow antifreeze to be near you in an open container or to form a puddle on the road or garage floor. Children and pets are attracted to the pleasant smell of antifreeze, and if it gets inside, it can be fatal.
Warning! If the motor is hot, the electric fan may start to rotate even if the motor is not running. Watch your hands, hair, loose clothing when working with the motor.
Attention! Watch subsection 5.2 to take precautions when working with models equipped with air conditioning.