Table of contents: ESP (ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM) ↓ TCS (TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM) ↓ ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM) ↓ EBD (ELECTRONIC BRAKE DISTRIBUTION) ↓ Emergency mode ↓
ESP (ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM)
In addition to the TCS/ABS systems, the ESP system senses the driver's input on the steering wheel and brake pedal via the steering angle sensor and pressure sensor. Using information from the G-sensor, wheel speed sensors, etc., the ESP system evaluates the driving mode (understeer or oversteer of the steering wheel) and improves stability by regulating 4-wheel braking force and engine output.
When the ESP system is activated, the "SLIP" indicator on the instrument panel flashes, alerting the driver.
When the ESP system is operating, the body and brake pedal vibrate slightly and mechanical noise may be heard. This is normal.
When the vehicle is subjected to strong shaking or vibration, such as when turning on a turntable, rolling or pitching on a marine vessel, or on a steep slope with the engine running, the "ABS" indicator light, "ESP OFF" indicator light, and "SLIP" indicator light may come on. In this case, restart the engine on a normal road. If the "ABS" indicator light, "ESP OFF" indicator light, and "SLIP" indicator light go out after restarting, everything is OK.
TCS (TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM)
The ABS actuator and control unit detects slippage of the drive wheels by comparing the speed signals of all 4 wheels. At the same time, on command from the control unit, the brake fluid pressure supplied to the wheels changes, the fuel supply to the engine is cut off and the throttle opening angle decreases, resulting in a decrease in engine power. Subsequently, the throttle position is continuously maintained to ensure the required engine power.
Depending on road conditions, the driver may feel some sluggishness in the driving position. This does not indicate a malfunction, as optimal traction takes priority over other functions when the TCS is operating.
The TCS system may be temporarily activated while driving on sections where the coefficient of adhesion to the road surface changes, when shifting to a lower/higher gear or when pressing the accelerator pedal to the stop.
When the TCS system is activated, the "SLIP" indicator on the instrument panel flashes, alerting the driver.
ABS (ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM)
The anti-lock braking system (ABS) is designed to detect the rotation speed of the wheels during braking. In the event of sudden braking, the ABS system prevents 4 wheels from locking, increases stability and allows you to avoid obstacles.
If a fault occurs in the electrical system, the emergency mode is activated, the ABS system is disabled and the "ABS" indicator lamp lights up.
Diagnostics of the electrical system is provided using the CONSULT-II tester.
When the ABS system is operating, the brake pedal vibrates slightly and mechanical noise may be heard. This is normal.
When starting the engine or immediately after starting, the brake pedal may vibrate. You may also hear the sound of the electric motor running from the engine compartment. This is normal and indicates that a performance check is being performed.
When driving on uneven, gravel or snowy surfaces (fresh deep snow) on rough roads, braking distances may be longer than for vehicles without ABS.
EBD (ELECTRONIC BRAKE DISTRIBUTION)
Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) is designed to detect the slightest slip between the front and rear wheels during braking and improve stability by regulating brake fluid pressure, which reduces rear wheel slip.
If a fault occurs in the electrical system, the emergency mode is activated, the EBD and ABS systems are disabled and the ABS and brake system warning lights come on.
Diagnostics of the electrical system is provided using the CONSULT-II tester.
When the EBD system is operating, the brake pedal vibrates slightly and mechanical noise may be heard. This is normal.
When starting the engine or immediately after starting, the brake pedal may vibrate. You may also hear the noise of the electric motor from the engine compartment. This is normal and indicates that a performance check is being performed.
When driving on uneven, gravel or snowy surfaces (fresh deep snow) roads, braking distances may be longer than for vehicles without EBD.
Emergency mode
ESP/TCS system
If a malfunction occurs in the ESP/TCS system, the "ESP OFF" and "SLIP" indicators light up. The ESP/TCS control unit is switched off and the control system becomes the same as on models without the ESP/TCS unit. If a malfunction occurs in the electrical ESP/TCS system, the ABS system is controlled as usual without the ESP/TCS unit.
Caution: If the emergency mode is activated, perform self-diagnosis for the ESP/TCS/ABS control system.
ASS, EBD SYSTEM
If a fault occurs in the electrical ABS system, the "ABS" warning lamp, "ESP OFF" and "SLIP" indicators light up. If a fault occurs in the electrical EBD system, the brake system warning lamp, "ABS" warning lamp, "ESP OFF" and "SLIP" indicators light up. In this case, the ESP/TCS/ABS control units switch to one of the following emergency modes:
- 1. When the ABS system fails, only the EBD unit operates. This is the same mode as on models without the TCS/ABS unit.
- 2. When the EBD system fails, the EBD and ABS units do not operate. This is the same mode as on models without the TCS/ABS, EBD unit.
Note: In the state 1 above, ABS self-diagnosis noise may be heard. This is normal because self-diagnosis is performed when the ignition key is turned to the "ON" position and the engine is first started.